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Literature Cited:
Relevant Medical Literature Articles
1 Dzwierzynski WW, Grunert BK, Rushc MD, Zader G, Keller, D. Psychometric Assessment of Patients with Chronic Upper Extremity Pain Attributed to Workplace Exposure. J Hand Surg. (AM). 1999 Jan;24A(1):46-52.
2 Yassi A. Repetitive Strain Injuries. Lancet 1997 Mar: 349: 943-47.
3 Herbert R, Gerr F, Dropkin J. Clinical Evaluation and Management of Work-Related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Am J Ind Med 2000:37:62-74.
4 Smith,E.M.,Sonstegard, D.A.,Anderson, W.H.Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Contribution of Flexor Tendons.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 58: 379-385, 1977.
5 Dennerlein JT, Diao E, Mote CD Jr, Rempel DM. In vivo finger flexor tendon force while tapping on a keyswitch. J Orthop Res. 1999 Mar;17(2):178-84.
6 Moore JS. Office Ergonomics Programs. JOEM 1997 Dec; 39(12): 1203-1211.
7 Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Sprinchorn A. Symptoms, disability, and quality of life in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1999 Mar;24(2):398-404.
8 Bagatur AE, Zorer G. The carpal tunnel syndrome is a bilateral disorder. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 Jul;83(5):655-8.
9 Dahlin LB, Lundborg G. Vibration-induced hand problems: role of the peripheral nerves in the pathophysiology. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2001 Sep;35(3):225-32.
10 Ebben JM. Carpal tunnel syndrome. It's not just with keyboards. Occup Health Saf. 2001 Apr;70(4):65-70.
11 Latko WA, Armstrong TJ, Franzblau A, Ulin SS, Werner RA, Albers JW. Cross-sectional study of the relationship between repetitive work and the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Am J Ind Med. 1999 Aug;36(2):248-59.
12 Mashoof AA, Levy HJ, Soifer TB, Miller-Soifer F, Bryk E, Vigorita V. Neural anatomy of the transverse carpal ligament. Clin Orthop. 2001 May;(386):218-21.
13 Silverstein BA, Fine LJ, Armstrong TJ. Hand wrist cumulative trauma disorders in industry.Br J Ind Med 1986:43:779-784.
14 Papanicolaou GD, McCabe SJ, Firrell J.The prevalence and characteristics of nerve compression symptoms in the general population. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2001 May;26(3):460-6.
15 Sucher BM. Myofascial release of carpal tunnel syndrome. JAOA 1993 Jan:93(1): 92-101.
16 Stevens JC, Witt JC, Smith BE, Weaver AL. The frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome in computer users at a medical facility. Neurology. 2001 Jun 12;56(11):1568-70.
17 Wolfe F.The sensible thing to do is prevent the pain. RDH. 1997 May;17(5):34-7, 54.
18 Keir PJ, Wells RP, Ranney DA, Lavery W. The effects of tendon load and posture on carpal tunnel pressure. Hand Surg [Am]. 1997 Jul;22(4):628-34.
19 Kiesler S, Finholt T. The mystery of RSI. Am Psych 1988 Dec:1004-1014.
20 Kerwin G, Williams CS, Gray Seiler J. The pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand Clin,1996 May; 12(2):243-251.
21 Corbin DE. Carpal tunnel syndrome recovery. Occup Health Saf. 2000 Apr;69(4):84-6.
22 Goodman CM, Steadman AK, Meade RA, Bodenheimer C, Thornby J, Netscher DT. Comparison of carpal canal pressure in paraplegic and nonparaplegic subjects: clinical implications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 May;107(6):1464-71; discussion 1472.
**23 O’Neil BA, Forsythe ME, Stanish WD.Chronic occupational repetitive strain injury.Can Fam Physician 2001 Feb;47:311-6.
24 Nigro RO. Anatomy of the flexor retinaculum of the wrist and the flexor carpi radialis tunnel. Hand Clin. 2001 Feb;17(1):61-4, vi. Review.
25 Moore JS. Flexor tendon entrapment of the digits (trigger finger and trigger thumb). J Occup Environ Med. 2000 May;42(5):526-45.
26 Boninger ML, Robertson RN, Wolff M, Cooper RA. Upper limb nerve entrapments in elite wheelchair racers. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 May; 75(3):170-6.
27 Olney RK. Carpal tunnel syndrome: complex issues with a "simple" condition. Neurology. 2001 Jun 12;56(11):1431-2.
28 Campbell WW. Diagnosis and management of common compression and entrapment neuropathies. Neuro Clin 1997 Aug; 15(3): 549-67.
29 Tomaino MM, Weiser RW. Carpal tunnel release for advanced disease in patients 70 years and older: does outcome from the patients perspective justify surgery? J Hand Surg (Br) 2001; 26B:5: 481-3.
30 Wilson H, Hamilton J, Madhok R. A case of shingles mimicking carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Jul;60(7):719.
31 Biundo JJ, Mipro RC, Djuric V. Peripheral nerve entrapment, occupation-related syndromes, sports injuries, bursitis, and soft-tissue problems of the shoulder. Curr Opin Rheum 1995; 7:151-5.
**32 Kasdan ML, Wolens D, Leis VM, Kasdan AS, Stallings SP. Carpal tunnel syndrome not always work related. J Ky Med Assoc. 1994 Aug;92(8):295-7.
33 Olsen KM, Knudson DV. Change in strength and dexterity after open carpal tunnel release. Int J Sports Med. 2001 May;22(4):301-3.
34 Tung TH, Mackinnon SE. Secondary carpal tunnel surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Jun;107(7):1830-43; quiz 1844,1933.
35 Concanon MJ, Brownfield ML, Puckett CL. The incidence of recurrence after endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 105: 1662-5.
36 Netscher D, Lee M, Thornby J, Polsen C. The effect of division of the transverse carpal ligament on flexor tendon excursion. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997 Nov;22(6):1016-24.
37 Katz JN, Fossel KK, Simmons BP, Swartz RA, Fossel AH, Koris MJ. Symptoms, functional status, and neuromuscular impairment following carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg [AM] 1995;20A:549-55.
38 Morgenstern H, Kelsh M, Kraus J, Margolis W. A cross-sectional study of hand/wrist symptoms in female grocery checkers. Am J Ind Med 1991;20:209-18.
39 Atik TL, Smith B, Baratz ME. Risk of neurovascular injury with limited-open carpal tunnel release: defining the "safe-zone". J Hand Surg [Br]. 2001 Oct;26(5):484-7.
40 Chapman CB, Ristic S, Rosenwasser MP. Complete median nerve transection as a complication of carpal tunnel release with a carpaltunnel tome. Am J Orthop. 2001 Aug;30(8):652-3.
41 Katz JN, Losina E, Amick BC 3rd, Fossel AH, Bessette L, Keller RB.Predictors of outcomes of carpal tunnel release.Arthritis Rheum. 2001 May;44(5):1184-93.
42 Wintman BI, Winters SC, Gelberman RH, Katz JN. Carpal tunnel release. Correlations with preoperative symptomatology. Clin Orthop. 1996 May;(326):135-45.
43 Murata K, Shunichi A, Hiroshi A. Central and peripheral nervous system effects of hand-arm vibrating tool operation. Arch Occup Environ Health 1990. 62:183-8.
44 Murata K, Shunichi A, Kazuko M. Autonomic and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in workers exposed to hand-arm vibration: A study of R-R interval variability and distribution of nerve conduction velocities. Arch Occup Environ Health 1991. 63:205-11.
45 Nathan PA, Takigawa K, Keniston RC, Meadows KD, Lockwood RS. Slowing of sensory conduction of the median nerve and carpal tunnel syndrome in Japanese and American industrial workers. J Hand Surg [Br] 1994:19B:30-4.
46 Cotton P. Symptoms may return after carpal tunnel surgery. JAMA. 1991 Apr 17;265(15):1922-5.
47 Bessette L, Keller RB, Liang MH, Simmons BP, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Patients' preferences and their relationship with satisfaction following carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997 Jul;22(4):613-20.
48 Cobb TK, Amadio PC.Reoperation for carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand Clin. 1996 May;12(2):313-23.
49 Szabo, RM. Carpal tunnel syndrome as a repetitive motion disorder. Clin Ortho Rel Res 1998; 351:78-89.
50 Bland JD. Do nerve conduction studies predict the outcome of carpal tunnel decompression? Muscle Nerve. 2001 Jul;24(7):935-40.
51 Ahn DS. Hand elevation: a new test for carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2001 Feb;46(2):120-4.
52 Finsen V, Russwurm H.Neurophysiology not required before surgery for typical carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Br]. 2001 Feb;26(1):61-4.
53 Gerr F, Letz R. The sensitivity and specificity of tests for carpal tunnel syndrome vary with the comparisonsubjects.J Hand Surg [Br]. 1998 Apr;23(2):151-5.
54 Pransky G, Feuerstein M, Himmelstein J, Katz JN, Vickers-Lahti M. Measuring functional outcomes in work-related upper extremity disorders. Development andvalidation of the Upper Extremity Function Scale. J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Dec;39(12):1195-202.
55 Longstaff L, Milner RH, O'Sullivan S, Fawcett P. Carpal tunnel syndrome: the correlation between outcome, symptoms and nerve conduction study findings. J Hand Surg [Br]. 2001 Oct;26(5):475-80.
56 Weber RA, Schuchmann JA, Albers JH, Ortiz J. A prospective blinded evaluation of nerve conduction velocity versus Pressure-Specified Sensory Testing in carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2000 Sep;45(3):252-7.
57 Werner RA, Bir C, Armstrong TJ. Reverse Phalen’s maneuver as an aid in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Jul; 75:783-6.
**58 Kuschner SH, Ebramzadeh E, Johnson D, Brien WW, Sherman R. Tinel's sign and Phalen's test in carpal tunnel syndrome. Orthopedics. 1992 Nov;15(11):1297-302.
59 Chung KC, Pillsbury MS, Walters MR, Hayward RA.Reliability and validity testing of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1998 Jul;23(4):575-87.
60 Alderson M, McGall D. The Alderson-McGall hand function questionnaire for patients with Carpal Tunnel syndrome: a pilot evaluation of a future outcome measure. J Hand Ther. 1999 Oct-Dec;12(4):313-22.
61 Massy-Westropp N, AppScOT B, Grimmer K, Bain G. The effect of a standard activity on the size of the median nerve as determined by ultrasound visualization. J Hand Surg [Am] 2001 Jul; 26A(4) 649-54.
62 Robertson VJ, Baker KG. A review of therapeutic ultrasound: effectiveness studies. Phy Ther 2001 Jul; 81(7) 1339-50.
63 Wang LK, Chen HP, Chang PJ, Kang FC, Tsai YC. Axillary brachial plexus block with patient controlled analgesia for complex regional pain syndrome type I: a case report. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;26(1):68-71.
64 Novak CB, Dale Collins E, Mackinnon SE. Outcome following conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome.J Hand Surg [Am] 1995;20A:542-8.
65 Novak CB, Mackinnon SE, Patterson GA.Evaluation of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1993 Mar;18(2):292-9.
66 Palmer DH, Hamrahan LP. Social and economic costs of carpal tunnel surgery. Inst Course Lectures 1995;44:167-72.
67 Gonzalez del Pino J, Delgado-Martinez AD, Gonzalez Gonzalez I, Lovic A.Value of the carpal compression test in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.J Hand Surg [Br]. 1997 Feb;22(1):38-41.
68 Szabo RM, Slater RR, Farver TB, Breger Stanton D, Sharman WK. The value of diagnostic testing in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Am] 1999;24A:704-14.
**69 Katz JN, Gelberman RH, Wright EA, Lew RA, Liang MH. Responsiveness of self-reported and objective measures of disease severity in carpal tunnel syndrome. Med Care. 1994 Nov;32(11):1127-33.
**70 Levine DW, Simmons BP, Koris MJ, Daltroy LH, Hohl GG, Fossel AH, Katz JN. A self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of severity of symptoms and functionalstatus in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993 Nov;75(11):1585-92.
71 Atroshi I, Johnsson R, Sprinchorn A. Self-administered outcome instrument in carpal tunnel syndrome. Reliability, validity andresponsiveness evaluated in 102 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998 Feb;69(1):82-8.
72 Atroshi I, Breidenbach WC, McCabe SJ. Assessment of the carpal tunnel outcome instrument in patients with nerve-compression symptoms.J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997 Mar;22(2):222-7.
73 Phalen GS. The carpal-tunnel syndrome: seventeen years' experience in diagnosis and treatment of six hundred fifty-four hands. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1966 Mar;48A(2):211-28.
74 Atroshi I, Johnsson R, Nouhan R, Crain G, McCabe SJ. Use of outcome instruments to compare workers' compensation and non-workers'compensation carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1997 Sep;22(5):882-8.
75 Upper Extremity Cumulative Disorders: Current Trends, Daniel J. Habes, 1996. In: Occupational Ergonomics, Theory and Applications, edited by Amit Bhattacharya and James D. McGlothlin.Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Ave., NY,NY 10016
76 Bednar JM, Baesher-Griffith P, Lee Osterman A. Workers Compensation, effect of state law on treatment cost and work status. Clin Ortho Rel Res 1998; 351:74-7.
77 Bay BK, Sharkey NA, Szabo RM. Displacement and Strain of the median nerve at the wrist. J Hand Surg [Am] 1997;22A:621-7.
78 Travell, JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction, The Trigger Point Manual (Book). 1983 Williams & Wilkins Publishers, Baltimore, MD.
79 Pascarelli EF, Hsu YP. Understanding work-related upper extremity disorders: clinical findings in 485 computer users, musicians, and others.J Occup Rehabil. 2001 Mar;11(1):1-21.
80 Braun RM, Doehr S, Mosqueda T, Garcia A.The effect of legal representation on functional recovery of the hand in injured workers following carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg [Am] 1999;24A:53-8.
**81 Seradge H, Bear C, Bithell D. Preventing carpal tunnel syndrome and cumulative trauma disorder: effect of carpal tunnel decompression excercises: an Oklahoma experience. J Okla State Med Assoc 2000 Apr;93(4):150-3.
**82 Lincoln AE, Vernick JS, Ogaitis S, Smith GS, Mitchell CS, Agnew J.Interventions for the primary prevention of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome.Am J Prev Med 2000 May;18(4 Suppl):37-50.
**83 Ritter A, Sensat ML, Harn SD. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review of the literature. J Dent Hyg 1999 Fall;73(4):205-7.
**84 Pransky G, Himmelstein J.Outcomes research: implications for occupational health.Am J Ind Med 1996 Jun;29(6):573-83.
**85 Urbaniak JR, Desai SS.Complications of nonoperative and operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.Hand Cloin 1996 May:12(2):325-35.
**86 Melhorn JM.Occupational injuries: the need for preventive strategies. Kans Med 1994 Nov;95(11):248-51.
**87 Peate WF.Occupational musculoskeletal disorders.Prim Care 1994 Jun;21(2):313-27.
**88 Kroemer KH.Avoiding cumulative trauma disorders in shops and offices. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992 Sep;53(9):596-604.
**89 Siebenaler MJ, McGovern P.Carpal tunnel syndrome.Priorities for prevention.AAOHN J 1992 Feb;40(2):62-71.
**90 Isernhagen SJ.Principles of prevention for cumulative trauma.Occup Med 1992 Jan-Mar;7(1):147-53.
**91 Schenck RR.Carpal tunnel syndrome: the new ‘industrial epidemic’.AAOHN J 1989 Jun;37(6):226-31.
**92 Carragee EJ, Hentz VR.Repetitive trauma and nerve compression.Orthop Clin North Am 1988 Jan;19(1):157-64.
**93 Rivner MH.Statistical errors and their effect on electrodiagnostic medicine.Muscle Nerve 1994 Jul;17(7):811-4.
94 Szabo RM, Slater RR. In Reply: electromyographers are constantly in search of infallible diagnostic test for CTS. J Hand Surg 2000 Jan;25(1).
95 Wautlet D.A multifactorial approach to the assessment and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. 2001 Oct/Nov;3(3):29-34.
**96 Kamolz LP, Schrogendorfer KF, Rab M, Girsch W, Gruber H, Frey M.The precision of ultrasound imaging and its relevance for carpal tunnel syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat 2001;23(2):117-21.
97 Concannon MJ, Gainor B, Petroski GF, Pucket CL.The predictive value of electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome.Plast Recontr Surg 1997;100:1452-8.
98. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30:473-83.
99. Katz JN, Stirrat CR.A self-administered hand diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 1990 Mar;15A(2):360-3.
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